Perhaps, I should be a little more specific.
Like most Americans, you are troubled by excess weight, the consequence of eating both unwisely and excessively. You’ve tried one diet after another, from Atkins to the Tai-Bo South Scarsdale Grapefruit Eat-All-You-Want Ornish Diet, and they invariably fail.
You try to discuss this with your doctor, who barely disguises his boredom as he casually dismisses your entire plaint with an, “Eat less, exercise more.” Disgusted and depressed, you begin to believe that you just can’t reduce your body mass.
Actually, that is much closer to the truth than they’ve told you.
No, it is not a conspiracy of silence, nor does any one company, doctrine, or movement possess the One True Truth. It’s that people are and always will be averse to believing that simple and easy explanations and answers are wrong, virtually without exception. Weight loss directly involves and affects the entire body. Has it escaped everyone’s notice that the body will react to such a thing, and aggressively?
Recent research has demonstrated that exercise, for all of its genuine benefits, will NOT result in weight loss. This seems unfairly in league with the galling fact that dieting doesn’t result in weight loss, either. What is going on, you demand to know?
The trick to understanding this is setting aside the notion that humans are special and intelligent. In your self-image, you may be. To Nature, you certainly are neither special nor particularly intelligent. To Nature, you are a complex organism and the product of approximately two mega-years of evolution. That is important. Your physical body, your instincts (emotion), and your intellect (in descending order of importance) combine to form a complete human organism. How these three components function and interact was determined by that evolution, during which time Nature selected for those traits which enhanced survival. Any business model which ignores or denies this will fail. Fisher’s Law clearly stipulates this, and there are no exceptions to the laws of Nature or Fisher.
During literally and precisely 99.9975% of this time, there was no Wegmans around the corner. During this 1,999,950 year period, hominids had to live without an assured food supply. Think about what that means. More than anything else, it means that creatures which could survive in a time of inadequate nutrition could reproduce; those unable to cope with a varying and insecure food supply died before reproducing. When the caveman said to his mate, “It’s a jungle out there, Jane,” he was not kidding around.
Body mass meant survival. The amount of muscle determined strength, and that affected how successful proto-humans were in food-gathering and hunting. The amount of fat determined, quite literally, how long a creature could last between times of plenty. The greater one’s body mass (weight), the more likely one was to survive. Life was, indeed, that simple. This was NOT acculturation. This was evolution. In today’s terms, we’d describe it as behaviour hard-wired into the species. It’s something that you do not get to choose and it’s something that you do not get to change.
It is in your DNA. Literally. It is NOT changeable.
What does this mean? Traits which kept people alive, even before they were entitled to call themselves “people”, still affect us. All of us. Those who eat just enough to maintain body weight at a pleasing BMI of 21 may regard themselves as morally superior, but that’s nothing more than a fluke of Nature. Metabolically, as in every other respect, humans vary, and some end up naturally slender. For the average person, the contemporary surplus of food is unnatural, with inevitable consequences. Compared to Nature, the supermarket provides foodstuffs with far too much protein and fat, and the fats tend to be too saturated. Saturated fats, the hydrogenated stuff, are artificial. There is, after all, no I Can’t Believe It’s Not Butter out there in Nature where we evolved and to which we are still attuned.
Thus, humans in the first world, especially in this country, start with a major handicap: too much food and most of it artificially enhanced in caloric content. Equally, it is too high in protein, a factor which research shows is a major contributor to cancer.
But wait, it gets better!
Now that you have blimped out because you eat too much protein and fat, and the carbohydrate excess has almost the same effect, you try to reduce body mass. Intellectually, you know that this is both desirable and necessary, since you comprehend the immediate and long-term consequences of obesity. But, your body knows no such thing. It’s still on Cave Standard Time, and it functions according to the more-food-is-better principle. That is how you are hard-wired, internally programmed, in the firmware that neither you nor your doctor nor your shrink nor Dean Ornish nor Shitforbrains Atkins can reprogram. They didn’t explain this to you, did they?
While the higher functions in your brain are congratulating you for losing three pounds last month, the more primitive and much more powerful parts of your body, at a far more fundamental level, are starting to worry. Weight loss is the first warning sign of starvation, and your body knows, right down to the cellular level, that unrestricted weight loss leads to starvation leads to death. Your body dislikes death. It will do anything not specifically prohibited by the laws of physics in order to avoid it.
And that brings me to the really pithy part of this entire story.
What does your body do in order to cope with the threat posed by dieting? It adjusts, you stupid nerk; what in hell did you think that it would do? Just sit there and not react to what it interprets as a lethal threat to its survival? Are you insane? Get real, fool.
Principally, it adjusts metabolically. I am no expert, but even I can figure this one out, and the experts will confirm it. The body slows down a bit, burning less fuel, thus needing less, and tending to bring fuel-intake/energy-consumption back into balance. More importantly, metabolism is made more efficient. Thermogenesis, the first and foremost function of metabolism and main form of energy transformation in the body, is maintained, but with less waste.
In short, you use fewer calories – less energy, less food – to maintain body weight. The increase in overall efficiency can be staggering. It is possible to start at the customary 2,500 calories per day, at which you maintain your weight, and end up at the same weight but with less than half that many calories. That is, you can not lose weight at slightly more than a thousand calories a day.
I can hear you now, snorting in derision. Well, you are right to do so. I have, you see, not yet mentioned the one key factor that makes this credible. Bear in mind the phenomenal complexity of the human body. If it is anything, it is not simple. The higher parts of your brain aren’t the only places in your body where learning and adaptation occur. Those whose weight has fluctuated significantly a number of times throughout their lives will find that, with each major change in weight, weight loss becomes much more difficult to implement. The body adapts and becomes extremely resistant to weight loss. Makes sense, doesn’t it? At that level which knows and can know nothing whatsoever about Wegmanic reliability, the body does what it is programmed to do in order to maximize survival probability. If the body senses that it exists in a regime of unreliable nutrition, a context that the dieter deliberately simulates, then it will adapt to make the most of the food that it can get and maintain body mass for as long as it possibly can.
The bitter truth, Bunkie, is that weight loss is VERY unnatural, and your body will fight you every fucking ounce of the way.